A pioneer in terms of prevention in the fight against match-fixing and corruption, tennis is also one of the most vulnerable sports, tempting for international mafia groups’ bid to thwart the betting markets.
A report alleging widespread corruption in tennis cast a shadow over the start of the Australian Open as officials vigorously denied suppressing evidence of match-fixing.
However, Pim Verschuuren, co-author of the study Sports betting and corruption: How to improve the integrity of the sport, believes that tennis has “several risk factors” that make it particularly easy to manipulate.
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“Firstly, it’s an individual sport, so easier to manipulate. Then, there is a big financial gap between the players, and finally, you can bet on anything, any aspect of the game,” said Verschuuren, who works as a researcher at the French Institute of International and Strategic Relations (IRIS) in Paris.
In this way tennis, which represents an estimated 20 to 25 percent of global online sports betting, has climbed to a 50 percent share of the live-betting market — the highly specialized betting offered throughout a game until its conclusion.
British Web site Bet 365, one of the leaders in online betting, has specialized in point by point betting on major tournaments, including Wimbledon, and the more precise the bet, the easier it is to manipulate.
“You can say to a player to lose the fifth game, or someone in the crowd signals so he loses a point,” said Christian Kalb, former head of the sports betting for France’s state-controlled lottery and betting monopoly La Francaise des Jeux, who now works as a consultant on the subject.
“While five years ago, this type of thing mainly concerned small tournament matches, now we are witnessing corruption involving more important games,” Kalb said.
On a “big” game, the amount of money wagered makes it easier to hide potential match-fixing where bets can go up to several hundred thousand euros.
It is estimated that the two weeks of the French Open generates more than 1 billion euros (US$1.1 billion) in betting globally, and the entire tennis season more than 200 billion euros.
Of this, only 15 percent relates to the legal market.
A situation so flourishing that the sums offered by match-fixers are swelling faster than the prize money being offered by tournament organizers.
“If a mafia wants to launder hundreds of thousands of euros via a bet, it can put 50,000 or 100,000 euros on the table to bribe a player,” Kalb said.
Once in the spiral, the player becomes like a hostage, subject to pressure or blackmail from individuals who are mostly linked to organized crime in Eastern Europe, Asia and South America.
Conscious of its inherent weaknesses, tennis was the first sport to acquire control of the mechanism of betting.
Following the 2007 case cited on Monday by the British media and the investigation into Russian tennis player Nikolay Davydenko, which resulted in him being cleared, the international federation created the Tennis Investigation Unit (TIU) whose investigators work with police in many countries.
The Association of Tennis Professionals and Women’s Tennis Association were also given very strict rules prohibiting players and their entourage from betting, while in the big tournaments, systems are in place to identify important bets and track suspicious gambling patterns.
“Overall, there have been very few cases because there there are very few ways to obtain evidence,” Verschuuren said, except in countries in western Europe, signatories of the Convention of the Council of Europe on the subject.
However, tennis remains far behind soccer, which accounts for 60 percent of worldwide bets, and has been sullied by the Italian Calcioscommesse case and recurrent scandals in Southeast Asia, with cricket also repeatedly mired in allegations of match-fixing.
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