This time, the revolution may be telecast on premium cable.
Among the increasingly vocal, yet frustrated and fragmented, reformers of sport, the only point of agreement seems to be that sometime soon, perhaps between the Bowl Championship Series and the Final Four, something will happen to alert America to its runaway athletic culture.
There is no consensus on what form that wake-up call should take. Conservative reformers hope that the National Collegiate Athletic Association will pinch and weed its wild garden of rules and enforce violations more aggressively. Centrists see college presidents reining in their warlord coaches by the purse strings. The more progressive envision mild civil disobedience that will include consciousness-raising teach-ins. Radicals predict college athletes will threaten a sit-down strike moments before the big game unless television producers come up with cash, or at least a benefits package.
"There is not a sports reform movement," said Linda Bensel-Meyers, who became a whistle-blower after the University of Tennessee brushed off her concerns about the education of athletes for years. "But there are reform movements, mostly trying to work through the system in different ways.
"All of them come up against the endemic problem: The values of a commercialized and professionalized playing field, not the values of the university, have become dominant. They become our national values. Might makes right. Scapegoat women. Win at any cost."
Bensel-Meyers, who is now an English professor at the University of Denver, is a prime mover in the Drake Group, a diverse band of academics who believe an engaged faculty can curb what they describe as higher education's sellout to big-time sports entertainment. The Drakes stand out in the vast and varied geography of reform. At the moment, they are the only group promising direct action that might include civil disobedience.
But they are hardly alone. Looming on the right, of course, is the NCAA, which derives its enormous power from the colleges it represents, regulates and cuts deals for. Without the NCAA, its supporters say, college sports would be Afghanistan. Its critics say the NCAA maintains a hypocritical system and that expecting reform from the NCAA is like waiting for the evildoers to voluntarily disarm.
Perhaps the most important centrist group is the Knight Commission, which has just announced its re-formation for a third major study of college sports. Critics may call the Knight Commission toothless, but it has effectively defined the problems most clearly. Other such middle-of-the-road groups include the Center for the Study of Sport and Society at Northeastern University, best known for groundbreaking studies on race and gender, and the Positive Coaching Alliance at Stanford with its guidelines for humane -- yet victorious -- leadership of youth sports.
Rising on the left is a new umbrella organization, the National Institute for Sports Reform, that will try to bring coaches, athletes, academics, parents and community leaders into a clearinghouse for such interrelated issues as early specialization, athletic scholarships, drug use, violence, sports injuries and the crisis in fitness. These issues have traditionally been considered in isolation. The group was recently launched by Bruce Svare, a professor of psychology and neuroscience at the State University at Albany. Svare believes that "athletic scholarships are the root of all evil," because their pursuit has poisoned the sports well down to the peewee leagues.
Energizing the debate has been a number of single issue champions. Jon Ericson, the former provost and an emeritus professor at Drake University in Iowa who founded the eponymous group, believes that disclosure is the key to reform. He contends that revealing athletes' test scores, grades and courses, hitherto kept hidden through federal privacy statutes, can change the "closed society of college sports."
Others include Kathy Redmond, who founded the National Coalition Against Violent Athletes after being raped by a football player at Nebraska; Hank Nuwer, an English professor who writes about hazing and bullying; and Ramogi Huma, a former UCLA linebacker who has lobbied for increased health and welfare benefits for scholarship athletes.
Even within the community of people who favor change, Huma, although personally well liked, is viewed with concern. Several reformers wonder if his main goals are not short-term and lack the sweep of real systemic change.
What does all this add up to?
"I think we are seeing the early stages of a movement, what we call the `micro mobilization context,'" said Rob Benford, a sociology professor at the University of Southern Illinois at Carbondale, who studies social movements. "Right now it's loose, amorphous, federated, which is typical. It has to form a collective identity, which hasn't happened yet.
"In the history of the peace, civil rights, environmental and women's movements, there was a similar period of many different groups with different names and agendas starting out with a network of meetings and the sharing of interpretations of problematic situations."
Benford was one of several dozen academics, coaches and journalists at just such a meeting last month in Lake George, New York, that was convened by Svare's National Institute for Sports Reform. While it was hard to imagine that the event was comparable to the germinal feminist meeting in 1848 at another upstate New York town, Seneca Falls, the attendees seemed energized, perhaps none more than David Ridpath.
A former high school wrestler, Army officer, college coach and compliance coordinator, Ridpath is just the kind of apostate athlete that reformers seek to recruit. Onetime true believers make the fiercest rebels. Last year, when Ridpath was assistant athletic director for compliance and student services at Marshall University, Ridpath took the brunt of the blame for the university's latest violations.
Most of them had to do with a pattern of easy, high-paying jobs offered to athletes by a prominent local booster, a practice that began long before Ridpath arrived at Marshall. Ridpath has since been moved to director of judicial programs at Marshall, and he is suing for an apology, US$350,000 and the removal of the term "corrective action" from his file.
"I bought into the whole package that athletics was all pure and good," Ridpath said. "I was the kind of guy who thought Proposition 48 was a great thing to help black kids, until I figured out it was not about education, it was about getting athletes into college. I was naive about a lot of things."
Despite his convert's passion -- Ridpath is being touted as Bensel-Meyers' successor as director of the Drake Group -- the meeting's mood never evoked the militancy of the so-called athletic revolution of the Sixties. Those heady days were dominated by the personalities of two former scholarship athletes, Jack Scott and Harry Edwards, who went on to earn doctorates and attract disciples. Their pronouncements and actions were denounced by government officials and often countered with death threats.
Critics of the NCAA love to quote a passage from Byers' memoir, "Unsportsmanlike Conduct: Exploiting College Athletes," in which he wrote of having "crafted" the term student-athlete and mandated its use in a 1950s campaign to make sure words like employee and workers compensation would never muddy the amateur waters.
Revelations of positive doping tests for nearly two dozen Chinese swimmers that went unpunished sparked an intense flurry of accusations and legal threats between the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and the head of the US drug-fighting organization, who has long been one of WADA’s fiercest critics. WADA on Saturday said it was turning to legal counsel to address a statement released by US Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) CEO Travis Tygart, who said WADA and anti-doping authorities in China swept positive tests “under the carpet by failing to fairly and evenly follow the global rules that apply to everyone else in the world.” The
Taiwanese judoka Yang Yung-wei on Saturday won silver in the men’s under-60kg category at the Asian Judo Championships in Hong Kong. Nicknamed the “judo heartthrob” in Taiwan, the Olympic silver-medalist missed out on his first Asian Championships gold when he lost to Japanese judoka Taiki Nakamura in the finals. Yang defeated three opponents on Saturday to reach the final after receiving a bye through the round of 32. He first topped Laotian Soukphaxay Sithisane in the round of 16 with two seoi nage (over-the-shoulder throws), then ousted Indian Vijay Kumar Yadav in the quarter-finals with his signature ude hishigi sankaku gatame (triangular armlock). He
RALLY: It was only the second time the Taiwanese has partnered with Kudermetova, and the match seemed tight until they won seven points in a row to take the last set 10-2 Taiwan’s Chan Hao-ching and Russia’s Veronika Kudermetova on Sunday won the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix women’s doubles final in Stuttgart, Germany. The pair defeated Norway’s Ulrikke Eikeri and Estonia’s Ingrid Neel 4-6, 6-3, 10-2 in a tightly contested match at the WTA 500 tournament. Chan and Kudermetova fell 4-6 in the first set after having their serve broken three times, although they played increasingly well. They fought back in the second set and managed to break their opponents’ serve in the eighth game to triumph 6-3. In the tiebreaker, Chan and Kudermetova took a 3-0 lead before their opponents clawed back two points, but
Taiwanese gymnast Lee Chih-kai failed to secure an Olympic berth in the pommel horse following a second-place finish at the last qualifier in Doha on Friday, a performance that Lee and his coach called “unconvincing.” The Tokyo Olympics silver medalist finished runner-up in the final after scoring 6.6 for degree of difficulty and 8.800 for execution for a combined score of 15.400. That was just 0.100 short of Jordan’s Ahmad Abu Al Soud, who had qualified for the event in Paris before the Apparatus World Cup series in Qatar’s capital. After missing the final rounds in the first two of four qualifier