Smokers trying to quit are 60 percent more likely to report success if they switch to e-cigarettes than if they use nicotine products like patches or gum, or just willpower, scientists said on May 20.
Presenting findings from a study of almost 6,000 smokers over five years, the researchers said the results suggest e-cigarettes could play an important role in reducing smoking rates and hence cutting tobacco-related deaths and illnesses.
As well as causing lung cancer and other chronic respiratory diseases, tobacco smoking is also a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases, the world’s number one killer.
Warning: Smoking can damage your health.
Photo: Reuters
照片:路透
“E-cigarettes could substantially improve public health,” said Robert West of University College London’s epidemiology and public health department, who led the study.
Mainly funded by the charity Cancer Research UK and published in the journal Addiction, West’s study surveyed 5,863 smokers between 2009 and 2014 who had tried to quit without using prescription medicines or professional help.
The results were adjusted for a range of factors that might influence success at quitting, West said — including age, nicotine dependence, previous attempts to give up smoking, and whether quitting was gradual or abrupt.
(Reuters)
想戒菸的癮君子若改用電子菸,成功機率會多出百分之六十,比使用如貼片或口香糖的尼古丁產品,甚或意志力來得有用,科學家五月二十日說。
展示針對近六千名吸菸者進行超過五年的研究發現,研究人員說,結論是電子菸在降低抽菸比例上能扮演要角,由此減少與香菸相關的死亡案例和疾病。
除引發肺癌和其他慢性呼吸疾病,吸菸也是心血管疾病的主要因素,心血管疾病是全球第一名的殺手。
「電子菸能實質促進公共衛生」,領導這項研究的英國倫敦大學學院流行病和公共衛生學系的學者威斯特說。
威斯特的研究主要由慈善團體「英國癌症研究」出資,刊載在《上癮》期刊,他在二00九至二0一四年間調查五千八百六十四名在沒有使用處方用藥或專業協助下試圖戒菸的吸菸者。
研究結果將可能影響成功戒菸的一系列因素列入考慮而加以調整,威斯特說,包括年齡、尼古丁依賴度、先前戒菸的企圖,和戒菸是否為循序漸進或突然的都有關。
(路透/自由時報國際新聞中心)
It’s no secret that Japanese people have a deep affection for noodles. Like in the rest of East Asia, noodles are an important staple food, second only to rice. Japanese people have enjoyed noodles for over 1,000 years. The first noodles came from China and were introduced around 800 CE. As time passed, noodles in Japan not only became widespread but also developed some unique Japanese characteristics. The three most popular types of noodles in Japan are ramen, soba, and udon. Ramen, typically made from wheat flour, is usually thin and firm. The dough is kneaded and left to
Rice is an essential ingredient in Taiwanese cuisine. Many foods are made of rice, adding more variety to our cooking, such as rice cake, or “gui.” Wagui is made by steaming rice flour batter in a bowl. The term “gui” refers to a type of food made from rice, while “wa” refers to a bowl. The pronunciation of “gui” in Taiwanese Hokkien is similar to the word for “nobility” in Chinese, so it is common for people to prepare various types of gui, including wagui, as offerings to the gods or ancestors,. 米是台灣重要的主食,用米製成的食品十分多元,豐富我們的飲食,如米做成的「粿」。粿的意思是米做成的糕點,碗粿是將在來米漿倒入碗中蒸熟,因而得名。粿因為音同「貴」,因此碗粿等粿食常用作供品祭拜神明和祖先。 nobility (n.) 高貴,高尚;貴族 offering (n.) 供品 While Taiwan may not be
On Tuesday last week, the flame for this summer’s Paris Olympics was lit at the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games in southern Greece in a meticulously choreographed ceremony. It will then be carried through Greece for more than 5,000km before being handed over to French organizers at the Athens venue used for the first modern Olympics in 1896. The pageantry at Olympia has been an essential part of every Olympics for nearly 90 years since the Games in Berlin. It’s meant to provide an ineluctable link between the modern event and the ancient Greek original on which it was initially modelled. Once
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