A Mark Rothko painting vandalized at London’s Tate Modern gallery 18 months ago went back on public view on May 13 after the first-ever effort to strip graffiti ink off a major artwork without damaging the layers of paintwork.
Rothko’s Black on Maroon was attacked in October 2012 by an artist who scrawled “Vladimir Umanets ’12, A Potential Piece of Yellowism” in a lower corner. One of the Seagram Murals commissioned for the Four Seasons restaurant in 1958, the painting was valued at £5 million to £9 million (US$8.4 million to US$15.1 million) by Sotheby’s. Rothko donated it to the Tate in 1970.
A Polish national called Wlodzimierz Umaniec, also known as Vladimir Umanets, claimed the graffiti was a creative act to promote his artistic movement — “yellowism.” He ended up pleading guilty to criminal damage and was jailed for two years in December 2012.
Photo: AFP
照片:法新社
Conservationists at the Tate Modern said Rothko paintings are notoriously difficult to restore because of their complex paintwork, which is made up of layers of oils, pigments, resins, glues and egg.
A team of three conservationists and scientists spent nine months researching and testing about 80 solvents, six months removing the ink, and three months restoring the surface. At Umaniec’s trial, prosecution lawyer Gregor McKinley told the court the restoration would cost about £200,000 (US$335,000).
(Reuters)
一幅十八個月前於倫敦泰特現代美術館遭破壞的馬克‧羅斯科的畫作,在除去一件重要藝品上的塗鴉墨水,而沒有傷害原作肌理的空前努力下,五月十三日再度回到公眾眼前。
羅斯科的《褐紅色上的黑色》於二0一二年十月被一名藝術家攻擊,此人在畫作下角潦草寫上「弗拉迪米爾.烏曼內茨,二0一二年,潛在的黃色主義作品」。該畫是一九五八年受託為四季餐廳而作的西格蘭姆壁畫中的一幅,蘇富比鑑價在五百萬至九百萬英鎊(八百四十萬美元至一千五百一十萬美元)之譜。羅斯科於一九七0年將該畫捐贈給泰特美術館。
也以「弗拉迪米爾.烏曼內茨」聞名的波蘭人沃茲梅爾茨‧烏曼尼耶克宣稱,這個塗鴉是為了宣傳其藝術運動「黃色主義」的創意行為。他最後承認犯下刑事損害罪,二0一二年十二月入獄服兩年徒刑。
泰特現代美術館的修復師表示,鑑於層層油彩、顏料、樹脂、膠水與蛋構成的複雜塗色,羅斯科繪畫的復原是出了名的困難。
三名修復師與科學家組成的團隊,花了九個月時間研究並測試約八十種溶劑、花六個月除去墨水,又花了三個月復原畫作表面。在烏曼尼耶克的審判中,檢察官葛瑞格‧麥金利告訴庭上,該畫的修復將耗費二十萬英鎊(三十三萬五千美元)。
(路透/翻譯:魏國金)
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