The quality of a performance does not drive the amount of applause an audience gives, a study suggests.
Instead scientists have found that clapping is contagious, and the length of an ovation is influenced by how other members of the crowd behave.
They say it takes a few people to start clapping for applause to spread through a group, and then just one or two individuals to stop for it to die out.
Photo: AFP
照片:法新社
Lead author Richard Mann, from the University of Uppsala, said:”You can get quite different lengths of applause — even if you have the same quality of performance. This is purely coming from the dynamics of the people in the crowd.”
However, the performance that had been witnessed — no matter how brilliant — had little effect on the duration of the noisy acclaim.
The scientists believe that clapping is a form of “social contagion,” which reveals how ideas and actions gain and lose momentum.
Studying this, they say, could shed light on other areas, such as how trends come in and go out of fashion or how ideas spread on the Internet.
(Liberty Times)
一份研究認為,一場表演的好壞,並非驅使觀眾給予喝采多寡的原因。
反而,科學家發現,掌聲是有感染性的,喝采的長短受觀眾群中其他人如何反應影響。
他們說,先有幾個人開始鼓掌,讓掌聲在一個群體中擴散,然後只要一或兩人停下來,掌聲就會漸漸停止。
研究報告主要作者、烏普薩拉大學的李察.曼恩說:「就算表演品質一樣,也可能獲得相當不同長度的掌聲。這純粹出自於群體中人們的動態狀況。」
但呈現出來的表演,不管多精采,都對喝采聲長短沒什麼影響。
科學家相信,鼓掌是一種形式的「社會傳染」,透露出想法和行動如何取得和失去動能。
他們說,研究這個能夠了解其他領域,如流行趨勢如何開始風行、退流行,或者各種想法怎麼在網路上散播。
(自由時報/翻譯:管淑平)
A: I want to go to Neihu to see the cherry blossoms. B: Do you want to go by YouBike? A: Well, how much does it cost? B: The Taipei City Government just announced that riders can use the bicycles for free for the first 30 minutes! A: Great! Riding bikes is also more eco-friendly than driving. A: 我想去內湖賞櫻花耶。 B: 那要不要騎YouBike微笑單車去? A: 車費怎麼算? B: 台北市政府最近宣布︰前30分鐘免費! A: 太棒了,而且也比開車更環保。 (By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times/台北時報張聖恩)
One of us is a murderer. The terrifying thought fills your head. There’s a corpse in the next room, and one of your fellow diners put it there. As the evening progresses, you learn disturbing secrets about everyone, and you’re forced to confess to a few yourself. You all have motives for the crime, but who committed it? Fortunately, it’s just a game. Murder mystery games are multiplayer role-playing games designed to be played over the course of an evening. The concept likely originated with “wink murder,” an amusing pastime that became popular in the early 1900s. In this game, a “murderer” kills
A: How does Taipei’s YouBike service charge after the free ride for the first 30 minutes? B: It’s NT$10 every 30 minutes within four hours. A: What a bargain. No wonder Taipei is listed by Britain’s “Time Out” magazine as one of the best 50 cities in the world. B: But I spotted a few English mistakes on YouBike’s Web site. A: I guess that aspect of it still has room for improvement. A: 台北市YouBike前30分鐘免費,之後怎麼算? B: 4小時內每30分鐘10元。 A: 真劃算,難怪台北市會入選英國《Time Out》雜誌全球最佳的50座城市。 B: 不過我在YouBike的網站上看到了好幾個英文錯誤。 A: 看來這個部分還有改善的空間。(By Eddy Chang, Taipei Times/ 台北時報張聖恩)
Mullet roe is a highly-priced delicacy typically served during special occasions like wedding banquets or Chinese New Year’s dinners, where families come together in celebration. The mullet roe can be prepared in various ways. It is usually pan-fried but can also be roasted or torched. To cook a pan-fried mullet roe, soak it in liquor or wine and peel off its membrane. Then, it is browned over a low fire and turned several times. Finally, the fried mullet roe is cut diagonally and is ready to be served. This dish is usually served with garlic scapes and daikon slices, but