EXPERIMENT ONE 實驗一
Imagine you wanted to measure the volume of a block of gold. If all the sides were straight lines, it would be very simple to calculate the volume. You could measure the height, the length and the width, and then multiply them together to get the volume. It’s that simple. But what if you wanted to calculate the volume of a pair of gold scissors? The sides are irregularly shaped and it would take you forever to try and measure them. Luckily, there’s an easier way.
想像你要測量一塊金塊的體積,如果每一邊都是直線,很容易就能算出體積。你可以測量它的長、寬、高,然後再把三個數字相乘,得到的結果就是它的體積了,就是這麼簡單。但如果你要測量的是一把金剪刀的體積呢?剪刀形狀不規則,想用剛剛那個方式度量計算,簡直難如登天。幸好,有一個簡便的方式可以測量。
Step 1: Half fill the jar with water, and use the marker to make a mark at the waterline.
Step 2: Drop the scissors into the water. It doesn’t matter if your scissors aren’t made of gold, the waterline will still have risen. Make a new mark at the new waterline.
Step 3: Measure the distance between the two marks. This figure is the height.
Step 4: Empty the jar, then find the radius of the jar, by halving the diameter.
Step 5: Square the radius, then multiply this figure by 3.14, then multiply this figure by the height.
Step 6: This can be written in equation form as πr²
步驟一:將廣口瓶裝水至半滿,然後用奇異筆在水位處做個記號。
步驟二:把剪刀丟進水裡,你準備的剪刀不是黃金剪刀也無所謂,瓶子的水位還是會升高,在新水位處再做個記號。
步驟三:測量兩個記號之間的距離,測得的數值就是高。
步驟四:把瓶子裡的水倒光,然後量出瓶子的直徑,減半就可得瓶子的半徑。
步驟五:將半徑值平方後再乘以三點一四,接著再把所得數值乘以剛剛測得的高。
步驟六:這可以寫成πr² 的等式。
EXPERIMENT TWO 實驗二
If you’ve ever visited a shipyard, you’ll know just how big a boat can be. But have you ever wondered how something as heavy as a boat can float, but if you drop a coin into a cup, it will sink? By the end of this experiment, you’ll know the answer to that question.
如果你曾造訪過造船廠,你就知道一艘船有多大。但你曾想過為什麼像船這麼重的物體可以漂浮在水上,而若把一枚硬幣丟進杯裡,硬幣卻會下沉的原因嗎?做完下面這個實驗,你就可以得到解答了。
Step 1: Fill the jar with water.
Step 2: Make a small boat using the aluminum foil. It doesn’t matter how you make it, just as long as it floats. Push it across the water a few times if you feel like it.
Step 3: Take your aluminum boat and destroy it. Roll it into a ball and squash it until you can’t squash it anymore. Then take the hammer and hammer it flat.
Step 4: Drop it in the water and watch it sink to the bottom.
步驟一:把廣口瓶裝滿水。
步驟二:用鋁箔紙做一艘小船,小船的樣子不重要,只要能漂在水上就可以了。你可以在水上輕推它幾次試試看。
步驟三:把你的鋁箔紙小船揉成一團,再儘可能捏擠它。接著再用鐵鎚把它敲平。
步驟四:把它丟入水中,然後你會看到它沉入水底。
WHAT’S THE SCIENCE? 科學原理
Archimedes principle states that the volume of water displaced must be equal to the volume of the object. By calculating the volume of the water displaced by the scissors, you can know the volume of the scissors.
阿基米德定律說明,排開的水的體積必等於被放入物體的體積。所以只要計算放入剪刀後排開的水的體積,就可以求得剪刀的體積。
Once again, the principle of displacement provides the answer. When an object is put on water two forces push against each other: the water pushes the object up, and the object pushes the water down. Imagine your aluminum boat making a hole in the water. If the boat weighs less than the amount of water it takes to fill that hole, it floats. If it weighs more than the hole it sinks. (john phillips, staff writer)
阿基米德定律再一次為我們提供解答。當一個物體放入水中時,會受到兩種相抵的作用力:水將物體向上推的力,和物體本身向下沉的力。想像你的鋁箔紙船把水開了一個洞,如果船的重量比填洞所需的水量輕的話,它就會浮在水面上;若船較重,就會沉入水底。
(翻譯:袁星塵)
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