According to a team of German psychologists, sports referees have a distinct bias for competitors in red uniforms.
In research on referees of taekwondo matches, the psychologists found evidence that the color of a uniform can affect the decisions a referee has to make and lead to possible bias in scoring.
They tested referees on videos of taekwondo matches which showed one competitor in red against another in blue.
For 42 matches the referees assigned points to the competitors, and then the psychologists showed the referees a second set of matches. In fact they were the same matches, but with the colors of the competitors digitally reversed.
They discovered that the competitors in red earned an average 13 percent more points than those in blue —- even though each athlete appeared in both red and blue at different times.
“What’s more, points awarded seemed to increase after the blue athlete was digitally transformed into a red athlete and decrease when the red competitor changed to blue,” the researchers said.
“Referees decisions will tip the scales when athletes are relatively well-matched but have relatively small influence when one is clearly superior,” they said.
The psychologists said more research is needed to test other colors. They added that their conclusions suggest a need to change competition rules or use more electronic decision-making aids in some sports where the color bias could be a problem. (AFP)
德國一個心理研究團隊發現，在運動比賽中，裁判會明顯偏坦穿紅色制服的運動員。
這些心理學家針對跆拳賽的裁判進行研究，發現運動服的顏色的確會影響裁判判決，導致偏袒給分。
他們請這些裁判觀看跆拳道比賽的錄影帶，比賽中兩造選手分別身穿藍色及紅色的運動服。
裁判看完四十二場比賽並為選手評分後，心理學家再播放第二組比賽。事實上，錄影帶中播放的比賽完全一樣，只不過選手的服裝顏色經數位處理相互調換了。
他們發現，紅衣選手的得分平均比藍衣選手高一成三──儘管每位運動員都輪流以紅色和藍色運動服出賽。
Rowan: Why the long face, Lillian?
Lillian: I’ve just got back from a taekwondo tournament at the municipal gym. It was a nightmare.
Rowan: So I’m guessing you didn’t win.
Lillian: You could say that! The adminstrators made an error so I got entered into the wrong weight group. I was fighting people 15kg heavier than me. The worst thing is, I didn’t realize until the third fight.
Rowan: Ouch! That really sucks.
羅溫：莉莉安，幹嘛拉長個臉啊？
莉莉安：我剛剛從市立體育館比完一場跆拳道錦標賽回來，那簡直就是場惡夢。
羅溫：所以你比輸囉。
莉莉安：可以這麼說！行政人員把我分錯了量級，所以我是和比我重十五公斤的對手比賽；最慘的是，我打到第三場才發現。
羅溫：噢！真慘。
Why the long face? 為什麼不開心？
”Why the long face?” is asked of people who look upset. The expression comes from the appearance of unhappy people, whose faces may appear longer than usual.
看到某人面露不悅，就可以問「Why the long face?」；這個說法源自於不開心的人會拉長臉的模樣。
研究人員說：「除此之外，選手的藍色制服經數位處理調換成紅色後，得分似乎隨之增加；紅色制服被調換成藍色的運動員得分則相對減少。」
他們表示：「只有在選手表現旗鼓相當時，裁判的判定才會起決定性作用，但在雙方實力懸殊的情況下，影響則不大。」
心理學家表示，他們還需要做更多研究來測試其他顏色的影響力。他們也說，這些結果顯示，某些可能因顏色造成成績偏頗的運動項目，可能需要修改比賽規則，或透過更多電子儀器輔助裁判作出判決。（法新社�翻譯：袁星塵）
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