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Sunday Science: Blowing up balloons 週日科學: 吹氣球
Welcome to Sunday Science! Every Sunday during the summer, we're going to guide you through some cool experiments that you can do at home. It's a good idea for you to keep a record of what you do in a Science Journal. That way you can record what you learn, compare results and maybe use them to design new experiments! Have a look at the Science Journal box for some ideas to get you started. Remember always ask a grown-up's permission before trying out an experiment.
歡迎閱讀《週日科學版》！在暑假期間，我們每週日都要為你介紹可以在家中進行的有趣科學實驗。你可以在《科學日誌》中記錄自己做了哪些活動，這樣就可以將所學的紀錄下來，比較這些結果，也許還可以利用它們來設計新的實驗！先看一下《科學日誌》的點子再開始吧。展開實驗之前，記得要獲得大人許可喔！
Sunday, Nov 11, 2007,Page 14
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PHOTO: CATHERINE THOMAS, TAIPEI TIMES
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Phew! Blowing up balloons can be really hard work. Why not make things a little easier using some simple science?
What you will need:
Several balloons
Some water or soda bottles (two large ones and two smaller ones)
Bicarbonate of soda
Hot water (from the tap is fine)
A lemon
A freezer
A spoon
Two containers for the lemon juice (glasses will do)
A lemon squeezer (optional)
Two large bowls
▲ Take one of the big bottles and carefully place a balloon over the mouth of the bottle. Make sure that no air can escape.
▲ Get another balloon. Stretch it, then place it over the mouth of the other big bottle.
▲ Put both of these bottles in the freezer. You should leave them there for about an hour.
▲ Take the lemon and slice it in half. Squeeze each half of the lemon into a different container so that you have equal amounts of lemon juice in each container.
▲ In the two smaller bottles, place three to four teaspoons of bicarbonate of soda in each bottle.
▲ Take out two more balloons. Stretch one out. This is the tricky part. You want to get the lemon juice into the bottles and then very quickly seal them with a balloon over the mouth of each bottle.
▲ Compare the two balloons. Which one worked best? Why do you think that might be?
▲ When the hour is nearly up, get the two bowls and half fill them with hot water. Be very careful that the water doesn't splash you. It's probably best if you ask a grown up to help you.
▲ Take the two big bottles out of the freezer. Do they look the same?
▲ Place the bottles in the bowls of hot water. Hold them there and wait to see what happens. Which balloon worked best? Why do you think that might be? (catherine Thomas, staff writer)
噢！吹氣球真的是很費力，本週的週日科學要教你一個更省力的好方法唷！
所需材料︰
數個氣球
四個寶特瓶（兩大兩小）
小蘇打
熱水（從水龍頭接的熱水即可）
一顆檸檬
冰庫
一根湯匙
兩個裝檸檬汁的容器（玻璃杯即可）
榨檸檬汁機（若無可省）
兩個大碗
▲ 小心地將一個氣球套在一個大寶特瓶的瓶口，確認空氣不會漏出來。
▲ 拿出另一個氣球，拉一拉，套在另一個大寶特瓶瓶口。
▲ 將這兩個瓶子放置冰庫內一個小時左右。
▲ 將準備好的檸檬切成兩半，分別將檸檬汁擠到兩個不同的杯中，這樣你就有了兩杯等量的檸檬汁。
▲ 各舀三至四茶匙的小蘇打粉到兩個小寶特瓶中。
▲ 再拿出兩個氣球，其中一個在用之前先拉一拉，這是這個實驗微妙的部份。將剛剛榨好的檸檬汁分別裝入小寶特瓶，然後用最快的速度將氣球套封上瓶口。
▲ 現在，比較看看兩個氣球，哪一個膨脹得又快又大？你猜想原因可能是什麼呢？
▲ 快到一個小時之前，將準備好的兩個碗裝入半碗熱水。裝水時一定要特別小心，不要被熱水燙到了，如果可以，最好請一個大人來幫你。
▲ 將冰庫裡的兩個大寶特瓶拿出來，兩瓶在外觀上有何差異嗎？
▲ 將它們各放到一個裝了熱水碗中，扶好寶特瓶，看看會有什麼變化產生。哪個氣球膨脹得又快又大？你猜想原因可能是什麼呢？
（翻譯︰袁星塵）
| Vocabulary 今日單字 |
1. freezer n.
冰庫 (bing1 ku4)
2. stretch v.t./v.i.
拉扯 (la1 che3)
3. compare v.t.
比較 (bi3 jiao4)
4. reaction n.
反應 (fan3 ying4)
5. escape v.t./v.i.
漏出 (lou4 chu1)
6. expand v.t./v.i.
膨脹 (peng2 zhang4)
7. contract v.i./v.t.
收縮 (shou1 suo1)
8. room temperature n. phr.
室溫 (shi4 wen1)
9. inflate v.t.
充氣 (chong1 qi4)
10. readily adv.
容易地 (rong2 yi4 de5) |
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| Science Journal 科學日誌 |
| What kind of material are balloons made from? What ways do you know to make carbon dioxide? Is bicarbonate of soda an acid or an alkali? What about lemon juice?
氣球是用什麼原料製作而成的呢？你知道哪些製造二氧化碳的方法呢？小蘇打粉是酸性還是鹼性呢？檸檬汁又是酸性還是鹼性呢？ |
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| WHAT'S THE SCIENCE? 科學原理 |
| When you add lemon juice (an acid) to bicarbonate of soda (an alkali), the reaction creates carbon dioxide. Because the balloon is covering the mouth of the bottle, the carbon dioxide can't escape, so it forces the balloon to expand. When you put the bottles in the freezer, the low temperature makes the air contract. When you stand the bottles in hot water you make the air expand. The heated air takes up more room than the room temperature air and so when the heated air expands it forces the balloon to inflate. Balloons are made of polymers. When you stretch and release a polymer, the polymer chain will more readily expand the next time. That's why the stretched balloons expand more than the unstretched ones.
當你在小蘇打粉（鹼性）中加入檸檬汁（酸性）時，兩者中和反應產生了二氧化碳。因為氣球完全套住寶特瓶瓶口，產生的二氧化碳沒有地方去，就跑到氣球裡，這就是為什麼氣球會膨脹的原因了。當你將瓶子放到冰庫裡，冰庫的低溫使得瓶中空氣收縮。所以當你再將瓶子放到熱水中時，熱水使得空氣膨脹，加熱的空氣比室溫下的空氣佔據更多空間，因此當加熱的空氣膨脹時，氣球就因此充氣了。氣球大多是由合成橡膠製成的，當你拉扯又放鬆合成橡膠時，會使得聚合鏈接下來更容易膨脹。這就是為什麼你拉扯過的氣球會充氣得更快更大的原因了。 |
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| Further ideas 進階點子 |
| What happens if you use vinegar instead of lemon juice in the smaller bottles? How about if you stand the bottles from the freezer in cold water? Warm water? Don't forget to record your observations in your Science Journal.
若你用醋代替小瓶子裡的檸檬汁，結果會如何呢？若把從冰庫拿出來的寶特瓶立於冷水或溫水中，又會有什麼變化呢？別忘了在《科學日誌》裡記下你的觀察。 |
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| Next week 下週預告 |
| For next Sunday's experiment you will need the following special items: Borax, cornstarch and child-safe glue.
下週日的科學實驗，需要特別準備以下的東西︰硼砂、玉米澱粉、兒童用膠水。 |
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