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From table scraps to biogas 廚餘變生質沼氣
Friday, Sep 28, 2007,Page 21
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A driver fills up his tank with biogas in Lille, France, on Sep. 19, 2007. 今年九月十九日，在法國里爾市，一名司機為他的車子加生質沼氣．
PHOTO: AFP
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The French city of Lille is to power a 100-strong bus fleet using biogas fuel made from organic household waste, thanks to a pioneering recycling plant unveiled last week.
In a project unique in Europe, the plant will supply the northern city with four million cubic meters of eco-friendly biogas per year - enough to power 100 buses - produced from food scraps, weeds, flowers and grass clippings.
It is to start supplying the city's existing fleet of natural gas-powered buses later this year, and is to be fully operational by the end of 2008, handling 108,600 tonnes of green waste per year.
"There is no more accomplished example of using a local resource to power a local fleet. The cycle is complete," said Eric Quiquet, an urbanism official at Lille City Hall.
France's fourth largest city, with a population of 1.1 million people, Lille has been an early adopter of green urban technologies.
Biogas, produced by decomposing organic material via a process called methanisation, emits far less carbon dioxide than traditional fossil fuels. Sweden launched the world's first biogas-fueled train in 2005.
A 150-strong bus depot has been built next to Lille's Centre for Organic Recovery to provide a direct fuel supply.
The country's only biogas fuel plant is also equipped to transfer non-recyclable waste via local waterways for incineration at a nearby energy-optimization center. (AFP)
法國里爾市將利用家庭有機廢料所製成的生質沼氣燃料，做為高達一百輛公車的動力來源，而這都得歸功於上星期揭幕的一家循環再造工廠。
這間工廠進行一項在歐洲獨一無二的計畫，每年將提供這個法國北部城市四百萬立方公尺不會破壞生態環境的生質沼氣，足以提供一百輛公車動力，這些生質沼氣是由食物殘渣、野草、花卉和雜草碎片製成的。
這家工廠今年底將開始提供燃料給市內既有的天然氣公車，並且將在二○○八年底前完全運作，每年處理十萬八千六百公噸的綠色廢料。
「沒有比利用本地資源來提供本地公車動力更有成就的例子了，這是個完整的循環，」市政府都市生活計畫官員艾瑞克．魁克說。
人口一百一十萬人的法國第四大城里爾市，一直是綠化城市科技使用的先驅。
生質沼氣是透過甲烷化程序，分解有機物質所製成的，它所釋放的二氧化碳比傳統化石燃料少了很多。瑞典在二○○五年推出了世界第一部生質沼氣燃料火車。
在里爾市有機循環再造中心旁，興建了一座可儲存足供一百五十輛公車的沼氣庫，提供直接供給燃料的服務。
這間法國唯一的生質沼氣燃料工廠也可以透過當地水路，運送無法回收的廢料到附近的能源最佳化中心進行焚化。
（法新社／翻譯：楊鴻泰）
| TODAY'S WORDS 今日單字 |
| 1. pioneering adj.
首創的 (shou3 chuang4 de5)
例: The scientist was honored for his pioneering role in developing vaccines.
(那位科學家是研發疫苗的先驅，備受尊敬。)
2. accomplished adj.
有造詣的 (you3 zao4 yi4 de5)
例: Emily is an accomplished piano player.
(愛蜜麗是一位有造詣的鋼琴演奏者。)
3. decompose v.i. /v.t.
分解 (fen1 jie3)
例: The body had decomposed beyond recognition.
(這個屍體已經腐爛無法辨識身分。)
4. energy-optimization n.
能源最佳化 (neng2 yuan2 zui4 jia1 hua4)
例: The council were happy to provide funding for research into energy-optimization.
(委員會樂意提供資金協助能源最佳化的研究。)
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| SAY WHAT? 說說看 |
| biogas 生質沼氣
Biogas is made by digesting waste, both household and agricultural, in a fermentor. This process produces a solid which may be used as a fertilizer and a gas with 55 - 70 percent methane and 30 - 45 percent carbon dioxide.
Lille's Centre for Organic Recovery has developed a method using an additional stage, the scrubbing tower, which produces a biogas containing 97.5 percent methane.
An additional advantage is a 50 percent reduction in noise pollution when comparing biogas- run buses to diesel-run buses.
生質沼氣是將家庭以及農業廢料經由發酵處理後製造而成的。這個過程會產生可以作為肥料的固態物以及含有55%至70%的甲烷和30至45%二氧化碳的混合氣體。
法國里爾市的有機循環再造中心研發出一種新的方式，多增加一個步驟（滌氣塔），可以製造出含有97.5%甲烷的生質沼氣。
生質沼氣的另一個好處在於利用生質沼氣運作的公車與柴油公車比起來，可以減少50%的噪音污染。
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| OUT LOUD 對話練習 |
| Dan: Darn! I forgot to fill up my scooter! I'm not sure I have enough gas to get to the gas station.
Stew: Why don't you just get the bus or MRT?
Dan: It's not so convenient.
Stew: Have you even checked the bus routes near your house?
Dan: Come to think of it, no, I haven't. Maybe I should see if I can travel a little greener. It may well be more convenient than I think.
丹：該死！我機車忘了加油！我不確定我的油夠不夠騎到加油站。
史都：你為什麼不坐公車或是搭捷運呢？
丹：那很不方便。
史都：你有查過你家附近的公車路線嗎？
丹：我突然想起來，沒有耶，也許我應該看我是否能環保一點，乘坐大眾交通工具可能比我想的還方便。
come to think of it 突然想起來
Come to think of it means that something that has happened or been said has caused you to realize something that you hadn't previously considered.
「come to think of it」意指剛發生或是別人說的某件事情，讓你突然意識到你之前都沒想過的事情。
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