When a world famous, multimillionaire engineer who holds 440 patents and owns two jets, two helicopters and a private island tells you to worry, it’s probably time to worry. And Dean Kamen is a very worried man.
Quoting HG Wells, he tells me: “I think the world is in a race between catastrophe and education.” We’re in the corner office of his hi-tech research company, DEKA, surrounded by Einstein memorabilia and cartoons of his most famous invention, the Segway electric scooter. “In most cases, catastrophe is winning.”
“The polar ice caps, swine flu, energy, the environment: almost every problem I can think of that’s going to bite us in the ass in the years to come needs extraordinary technical achievements,” says the man whose own achievements include a robotic prosthetic arm and a wheelchair that can climb stairs. “More than ever, the world needs good engineers. However, the pool of talent is shrinking not growing.”
That’s not all. According to Kamen: “Today’s children are the first generation in which it is highly probable that their average quality of life, and education level, will be less than it was for their parents.”
This is not the Dean Kamen I came to see. I came to see the visionary technologist who dropped out of college to develop the world’s first mobile insulin pump, the proud inventor who envisaged millions of Segways seething through the world’s cities, the iconoclast engineer who, disappointed with teenagers idolizing sports stars, created his own sport based on competitive robotics. (Don’t laugh: the FIRST championship attracts nearly 17,000 school teams from around the world.)
Instead, I got a man whose passion for technology seems increasingly swamped by frustrations with global realpolitik. Take his work on water and power systems for developing nations. “50 percent of all human diseases are due to water-borne pathogens,” says Kamen. “For the few billion people that are sick and dying on a daily basis, the idea that we’re going to build them a municipal water infrastructure in the next year, or even the next decade, is profoundly naive. So we set out to develop technologies that can solve the problem of giving people clean water without needing to transform their environment.”
Cue DEKA’s integrated water purifier, codenamed Slingshot. “Here’s a box with two hoses,” says Kamen. “Dip one in anything that looks wet — an ocean full of salt, a well full of arsenic, a pond full of cryptosporidium, giardia and fecal matter — and out of the other one comes pure drinking water. It’s portable so it can be carried into a village, and it’s cheap [US$1,500] and productive enough so that you can make enough water to share the cost over a few hundred people.”
Kamen doesn’t pretend Slingshot is home to any ground-breaking discoveries: “We didn’t invent vapor compression. We didn’t invent the distillation process. We didn’t invent any fundamental understanding of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. But we did make a lot of little inventions to make a small scale, highly reliable device that frees us from having to measure what’s wrong with the input water. There’s a lot of technology in there that we’re quite proud of.”
He’s just as proud of his Stirling engine (a device to convert heat into mechanical energy, first conceived of in 1816), which produces up to 1kW of electricity from virtually any fuel source. “In a trial in Bangladesh, they put cow dung into our machine. It was a multiple win: small, distributed, scalable and using fuel that is otherwise toxic. Whether you burn it or not, cow dung evolves methane, which is 21 times worse than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas. So why not capture it and turn it into useful heat and electricity?” Working together, the two devices could boost living standards and save lives across the world. Instead, the prototypes are languishing in DEKA’s labs. “In order to put them in volume production, you need a well-defined market and a distribution strategy,” explains Kamen. “The problem is that most of our commercial partners — even the giants — do not do a lot of business in the underdeveloped parts of the world. This is not a shortage of technology. It’s a shortage of courage, vision, awareness: a lot of human things.”
It’s this lack of long-term thinking that infuriates Kamen. “Our technology is being squandered on quick buck applications. More and more we seem to be defaulting to the short term. Do we need to double again the rate at which we move data so two kids can play games with even more realistic violence? Or should we be ensuring everyone has at least some access to the Internet? The world doesn’t need the next generation of videogames.”
It might not need them but it seems to want them, which is arguably the opposite of what happened with Kamen’s ill-fated Segway Transporter. Kamen thought that his nippy, balancing scooter would “be to the car what the car was to the horse and buggy.” He whipped up a media frenzy before its launch in 2001 and invested heavily in factories capable of producing 40,000 units a month. Eight years later, sales of Segway have only just passed the 50,000 mark.
In April, Segway and the bankrupt US carmaker General Motors unveiled a two-man, semi-enclosed update called PUMA (Personal Urban Mobility and Accessibility) with a top speed of 56kph and a range of up to 35km. This time around, Kamen is almost dismissive of the new vehicle: “The day we made the first Segway, the very first one, we drew pictures of enclosed ones. Going back and tweaking things to make them 5 percent better or 3 percent cheaper? There are whole industries who know how to do that very well. Our position is been there, done that, did it, changed the world, move on.”
Talking of moving on, Kamen is now wary of hyping — or even mentioning — his future projects, but he does let one slip. “At DEKA, we’re looking at a couple of ways to be in the energy business. We’re working on solar now and I think the world of energy is going to see a lot of changes soon.”
When pressed for more details, Kamen clams up, or rather changes the subject to North Dumpling, his 0.03-hectare private island off the coast of New York, which he refers to in deadpan as an independent kingdom. “Dumpling is completely carbon neutral,” he says. “We have solar panels on every building, a 10kW wind turbine, our own little Stirling engine for backup power, burning only local fuel. We’re making our own water out of the ocean with Slingshot. And we are now developing a foreign aid program to help the US.”
A man who wants to re-engineer the whole world for sustainability, one country at a time? At last, here’s the Dean Kamen I came to see.
A few weeks ago I found myself at a Family Mart talking with the morning shift worker there, who has become my coffee guy. Both of us were in a funk over the “unseasonable” warm weather, a state of mind known as “solastalgia” — distress produced by environmental change. In fact, the weather was not that out of the ordinary in boiling Central Taiwan, and likely cooler than the temperatures we will experience in the near-future. According to the Taiwan Adaptation Platform, between 1957 and 2006, summer lengthened by 27.8 days, while winter shrunk by 29.7 days. Winter is not
Taiwan’s post-World War II architecture, “practical, cheap and temporary,” not to mention “rather forgettable.” This was a characterization recently given by Taiwan-based historian John Ross on his Formosa Files podcast. Yet the 1960s and 1970s were, in fact, the period of Taiwan’s foundational building boom, which, to a great extent, defined the look of Taiwan’s cities, determining the way denizens live today. During this period, functionalist concrete blocks and Chinese nostalgia gave way to new interpretations of modernism, large planned communities and high-rise skyscrapers. It is currently the subject of a new exhibition at the Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Modern
March 25 to March 31 A 56-year-old Wu Li Yu-ke (吳李玉哥) was straightening out her artist son’s piles of drawings when she inadvertently flipped one over, revealing the blank backside of the paper. Absent-mindedly, she picked up a pencil and recalled how she used to sketch embroidery designs for her clothing business. Without clients and budget or labor constraints to worry about, Wu Li drew freely whatever image came to her mind. With much more free time now that her son had found a job, she found herself missing her home village in China, where she
In recent years, Slovakia has been seen as a highly democratic and Western-oriented Central European country. This image was reinforced by the election of the country’s first female president in 2019, efforts to provide extensive assistance to Ukraine and the strengthening of relations with Taiwan, all of which strengthened Slovakia’s position within the European Union. However, the latest developments in the country suggest that the situation is changing rapidly. As such, the presidential elections to be held on March 23 will be an indicator of whether Slovakia remains in the Western sphere of influence or moves eastward, notably towards Russia and