It is a simple question, but it may just reveal whether or not you will live to a ripe old age: does somebody love you?
Those who can confidently answer "yes" are significantly more likely to be alive for the next 10 years than those who feel all alone. For love is a more accurate factor than smoking in predicting life expectancy, according to David Halpern, a senior policy adviser to the UK government.
His work on the science of happiness is increasingly influencing government. He says adored people are happy people, and the happier they are, the longer and more productive lives they lead.
Such ideas may raise eyebrows, but they are being taken increasingly seriously within government as the startling impact of happiness on citizens' lives — and lifespans — becomes clearer.
"There is a study of college graduation photographs, the sort where you are told to smile," Halpern says. "A third of people have a true smile, about a third have got a fake smile, and the rest look miserable. People have used those photographs [to trace the students' future lives] and they are predictive of hard outcomes like your life expectancy and the state of your marriage."
A similar study in nuns, meanwhile, analyzing statements given when entering cloisters, showed life expectancy varying by nearly a decade between the happiest and unhappiest. And love, it seems, has the biggest impact of all: "There is a pretty strong relationship between subjective wellbeing and longevity. The single strongest predictor of whether you will be alive in 10 years' time is whether you say yes to the question, "does somebody love you?"'
While the biological relationship between happiness and health is unclear, research has shown happy people have lower blood pressure and are less likely to abuse drink or drugs. Being shown kindness can even produce a measurable surge of oxytocin — the "bonding" hormone released by breastfeeding mothers and couples during orgasm — which has a de-stressing effect.
Halpern's surprising findings are at the heart of the forthcoming policy review designed to establish British Prime Minister Tony Blair's legacy. Ideas now being studied by ministers include proposals to stimulate kindness towards others — shown to make both giver and receiver happier — by offering special community credits to those who do good works. In Japan, for example, such a scheme funds community care for the elderly.
Japanese couples who live too far from their ageing parents to look after them will "adopt" an elderly stranger locally and care for them instead, earning credits that their own parents can use to "buy" similar volunteer care near by. The US state of Minnesota has established a similar system of "community service dollars," where volunteering to care earns the caregiver favors in return.
A pro-happiness administration, Halpern argues, would prioritize reducing unemployment — a critical cause of unhappiness — over reducing inflation, which makes people unhappy but less so, and concentrate on improving parenting skills, since strong attachment between parents and young children is a strong indicator of future happiness.
It would also value more highly informal care, such as looking after elderly relatives promote volunteering and most controversially, ditch public service targets in favor of targets to ensure clients are satisfied: "Do we say to health professionals, 'We will scrap 95 percent of those targets and the one thing we want you to worry about is whether your users are happy with what you do'?" said Halpern, who argues that what patients actually say they want most is respect and dignity.
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