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Reflexology finds a foothold

By Yu Sen-lun
STAFF REPORTER
Sunday, Sep 15, 2002, Page 17

1.Head 2.Frontal sinuses 3.Cerebellum 4.Pituitary Gland 5.Temporal Area 6.Nose 7.Neck 8.Eye 9.Ear 10.Shoulder right 11.Trapezoid 12.Thyroid Glands 13.Parathyroid 14.Lungs and Bronchi 15.Stomach 16.Duodenum 17.Pancreas 18.Liver 19.Gall Bladder 20.Solar Plexus 21.Adrenal Glands 22.Kidneys 23.Ureters 24.Bladder 25.Small Intestines 26.Appendix 27.Ileocecal Valve 28.Ascending Colon 29.Transversume Colo 30.Descending Colo 31.Rectum 32.Anus 33.Heart 34.Spleen 35.Knee 36.Genital Glands

Inside the long storefront windows lie a row of big comfortable couches on which a dozen customer are reclined. In front of them, massage therapists are concentrating on their customers' feet. Using only their hands, a wooden massage bat and some cream, they swiftly press, push and rub. Some of their Japanese customers give out groans of pain -- "Itai! Itai! Itai!" -- but most customers, foreign or local, seem to enjoy it. Three young Japanese women take pictures of each other while being massaged, their fingers stretched in a "V" gesture while their faces remain pinched in pain.

"Taiwanese foot massage is very famous in Japan. I heard it's more painful than in Thailand and other countries. I like it," said 24 year-old Yasuko Shishido.

Shishido was in Taipei for just a day and kept busy tasting local dumplings, sampling Oolung tea and pineapple cakes and was eager to get in a foot massage before having to leave Taiwan.

"I come to Taiwan for business twice a year and always come here, however busy my trip," said 60-year-old Tuneo Iwane, another Japanese customer at this foot massage parlor.

The ROC Foot Reflexology Association is the only place in Taiwan to gain official certification in foot massage. PHOTO: CHEN CHENG-CHANG, TAIPEI TIMES

For many Japanese tourists, Taiwan's attractions aren't only the Palace Museum and Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, but the masochistic pleasure of foot massage.

Walking along Taipei's Minchuan East Road or Linsen North Road, there can be seen more than a dozen foot massage parlors, each with a huge, eye-catching sign of a colorfully diagrammed foot. Many of them bear the name Father Wu Foot Massage.

Eugene Cheng began studying foot reflexology in 1979. PHOTO: CHEN CHENG-CHANG, TAIPEI TIMES

Father Josef Eugster from Switzerland, who goes by the Chinese name Wu Ro-shih (吳若石), said the parlors and their popularity are something he would never have thought of 23 years ago, when foot massage was a simple self-help therapy. It was more than two decades ago when he "re-discovered" and began promoting the practice that can be found in the ancient histories of China and Egypt, a therapy known as foot reflexology.

A month ago he held a press conference clarifying to the public for the first time that he had never authorized anyone to use his name as a trademark, nor is the colorful foot diagram of his making. The phenomenal success of foot reflexology in Taiwan makes Eugster proud, but at the same time worried.

After arriving in Taiwan 30 years ago to preach in Taitung, Eugster became bothered by arthritis. Another Swiss priest gave him a book about foot reflexology titled Good Health for the Future (1976), by Heidi Masafret. He studied the book and experimented on himself. Pleased with the results, he began practicing on his disciples to help them with their own health problems, but also as a way to spread the gospel.

According to theories expounded on by Eugster and Eugene Cheng (鄭英吉), who began researching foot reflexology in 1979, the instep, sole and ankle of the foot all correspond to specific organs. If an organ has a problem, there will be sediment in its area of the foot as well as heightened sensitivity. "This sediment feels like a granular cluster or tumor within the foot," Eugster said.

Reflexology theory divides the foot into 26 bones and five major reflex areas. To massage the foot is to stimulate the problematic organs or "push away the pathological sediments," Eugster said.

Cheng also combines reflexology theory with Chinese medicine's five-elements concept in practicing foot massage. For example, if one feels pain or sediment when pressing on one part of the left sole (see diagram, area 33), it is an indication of a heart problem. According to the five-elements theory, the heart belongs to the fire element, so in addition to the heart, the reflex areas of the intestine and liver must also be massaged in order to maintain a healthful balance.

After considerable local and international media coverage 20 years ago, Eugster gained fame and a flock of foot-massage followers. Shuttling from workshops to hospitals and speaking engagements, the fruit of Eugster's work can be seen in nearly every city in Taiwan, with around 1,000 foot massage parlors on the island, according to Cheng. And it's become more popular, losing its focus on therapy and becoming more of a superficial consumer fad.

It's also become a huge money-making enterprise lacking in regulation. Some parlors have developed into multi-function health centers. In addition to offering foot massage, one parlor called Tsai Chun Kuan (再春館), also sells Chinese herbal medicine, herbal-medicated cuisine, chinese tea pots, and even offers kung fu and tai chi. Another smaller parlor called Lien-ho (聯合), sells lottery tickets to clients on the side.

Tsai Chun Kuan has also contracted with several travel agencies to bus tourists directly to the parlor. Tourists pay NT$700 for a half-hour foot massage, NT$200 of which goes to the travel agents. For Japanese, it's still a reasonable price compared with what they would pay in Japan.

Currently in Taiwan, the price for a foot massage is between NT$500 and NT$700 for 30 minutes. There is no regulation of price or quality, which can vary widely.

Lu Wan-ping (呂萬賓), one of the 20 massage therapists at Tsai Chun Kuan, said that on a good day there can be 100 customers, half of whom are Japanese. "We are all trained well at the ROC Foot Reflexology Association (足部反射區健康法協會)," he said. Lu said it is easy to begin a career as a massage therapist because the expense of opening a parlor can be kept quite low. The recent high unemployment rate has motivated more people to learn the trade.

Since 1984, the Cabinet-level Department of Health (衛生署) has categorized foot massage as a form of folk therapy and not as medical practice, keeping it free of any legal regulation or official certification. Most of the massage therapists learn their skills as private apprentices.

The ROC Foot Reflexology Association, founded by Cheng and Eugster, is the only group in Taiwan that certifies massage therapists in their chosen trade. But there remains a void of institutionalization on the correct practice and technique of foot reflexology, according to Cheng.

"If they want to use my name, they have to employ my standard of skill and quality of practice," Eugster said. "I'll have to train them myself."
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