When it's not a battle zone, the Middle East rarely figures on local people's radars. This might change, however, with an extensive exhibition in Taipei of Mesopotamian artifacts on loan from the Musee du Louvre in Paris.
Ancient Mesopotamia covered approximately the area of current day Iraq and was one of the earliest great civilizations, dating as far back as 8,000BC, and had a profound impact on the history of world culture. Mesopotamian civilization is a general term that includes Sumerian, Babylonian, and Assyrian cultures.
Mesopotamian societies made several breakthrough discoveries, including cuneiform writing, the wheel, a number system based on 10 and 60, and invented the earliest musical instrument and beer. The Biblical stories of the Garden of Eden and Noah's Ark were also set against the backdrop of Mesopotamian cultures.
The exhibition at the National Museum of History marks a divergence from the institution's usual emphasis on East Asian culture, as exemplified by the recent high-profile exhibition of the Qin Shihuang terra cotta warriors from China. With 299 items, the Mesopotamian show includes a variety of artifacts including sculptures, daily utensils and stoneware that cover the many societies that existed in that region through the millennia.
The objects on exhibit were found during the great wave of exploration by French archaeologists in the 1800s and early 1900s, as they searched -- some would say plundered -- the vast hinterlands between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers for historical treasures.
The selected works aim to cover the whole of Mesopotamian civilization with at least one major exhibit for each period. Coming from the Louvre, the objects have French titles with Chinese translations. For convenience, we provide an English translation as well.
The oldest piece on view is the Figurine d'une Femme nue (figurine of a naked woman, 裸婦小坐像), estimated to have been made between 6,000BC and 5,100BC. The pottery object is of a plump female figure symbolizing fertility and abundance. Another pottery piece is the beautiful Boisseau aux Bouquetins (vessel with rams, 羱羊杯) from 4,000BC.
Among the more majestic pieces is the Statue du Roi Pretre (statue of the priest king, 祭司國王像), dating from 3,300BC, and the Statuette d'un Homme (statuette of a man, 男人小像), from 2,500BC. These are the oldest complete sculptures ever found.
Taking center stage in this show is without a doubt the reproduction of the tablet on which is inscribed the Code of Hammurabi dating from between 1,792BC and 1,750BC. Written in the distinctive cuneiform writing, this historic royal decree mapped out the law governing Babylonian culture and is considered the world's first formal legal code.
Other highlights include colorful glazed murals like the Panneau de briques: Lion passant (brick panel: passing lion, 磚塊壁板:行走的獅子) from 6th-century BC Babylon and the Archer perse provenant de la frise des archers (Persian archer from the frieze of archers, 出自弓箭手橫列圖之玻波斯弓箭手), a life-sized glazed tile Persian archer from the rule of Darius between 522BC and 486BC.
The Rhyton termine en protome de bouquetin (vessel with ram horns, 以羱羊前半身為底部之角形飲器), a bronze ceremonial vessel for drinking from between 600BC and 400BC is in the shape of a goat head with large horns at the bottom and a wide open mouth at the top.
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