As long as I live, I will never forget the rickshaw driver, tears streaming down his cheeks, rushing a gravely injured student to a hospital — and away from the soldiers who had just gunned him down.
That rickshaw driver was a brave man, a better man than I, and he taught me an indelible lesson.
We were on the Avenue of Eternal Peace in Beijing, beside Tiananmen Square, on the night of June 3, 1989, and the Chinese army was crushing the student democracy movement that convulsed China that spring 25 years ago.
Illustration: Mountain People
Millions of protesters filled the streets in hundreds of cities around China from mid-April through early June that year, demanding free speech, democracy and an end to corruption. I was living in China then as the Beijing bureau chief for the New York Times and it was an unforgettable — and, initially, inspiring — tapestry of valor and yearning.
Protesters acknowledged that their lives were improving dramatically, but they said that it was not enough. They insisted that they wanted not just rice, but also rights.
To this day, it is the most polite protest movement I have ever covered. After shoving their way through police lines, student marchers would pause, turn around, and chant: “Thank you, police.”
Some students were assigned to pick up any shoes lost in the commotion and return them to the students or police officers who had lost them.
The student protesters took over central Beijing for weeks. Then, on the night of June 3, the army invaded Beijing from several directions as if it were a foreign army, shooting at everything that moved. Kilometers from Tiananmen Square, the teenage brother of a friend was shot dead by soldiers as he simply bicycled to work.
As the invasion began, I jumped on my bike and raced to Tiananmen Square, where throngs of citizens had come out on to the streets to try to protect the student protesters. They were shot.
The most heroic people on that terrible night and into the morning of June 4 were the rickshaw drivers, driving three-wheel bicycle carts used to haul goods around the city. With each pause in the shooting, these rickshaw drivers would pedal out toward the troops and pick up the bodies of those who had been killed or injured.
The soldiers were unforgiving, shooting even at ambulances trying to pick up bodies, but those rickshaw men were undeterred.
Their bravery particularly resonated because I had heard so often that spring, from foreigners and Chinese officials alike, that China was unready for democracy, that its people were not sufficiently educated or sophisticated, and it is true that democracy tends to find firmer root in educated, middle-class societies.
Yet I vividly remember that one rickshaw driver, a burly man in a T-shirt, who perhaps had never graduated from high school. Yet what courage.
I found myself holding my breath, wondering if he would be shot, as he drove out to pick up a body. He placed the young man on his cart and pedaled for his life back toward us. Tears were streaming down his cheeks.
He saw me, the foreigner, and swerved to drive slowly by me so that I could bear witness to what the government had done. It was a terrifying night and I cannot remember just what his words were, but it was something to the effect that I should tell the world what was happening.
Sure, he could not have offered a robust definition of democracy, but he was risking his life for it.
A quarter of a century has passed. The bullet holes in the buildings along the Avenue of Eternal Peace have been patched and history similarly sanitized. I was staggered when a Chinese university student looked puzzled when I mentioned the June 4 Massacre — it turned out that she had never heard of it.
It is also true that China has progressed enormously. Incomes have soared, housing has improved and the latest figures (which should be taken with a pinch of salt) suggest that the rate of death from pregnancy and childbirth is lower in China than in the US.
That rickshaw driver may not have a vote, but his children may well attend university. The progress is unarguable. Yet human dignity demands not just rice, but also rights.
Chinese writer Lu Xun (魯迅) once wrote, about an earlier massacre: “Lies written in ink cannot disguise facts written in blood.”
As China prospers and builds an educated middle class, demands for participation will grow. I have covered democracy movements around the world, from Poland to South Korea, and I am confident that someday, at Tiananmen Square, I will be able to pay my respects at a memorial to those men and women killed that night.
I am hoping the memorial will take the form of a statue of a rickshaw driver.
Recently, China launched another diplomatic offensive against Taiwan, improperly linking its “one China principle” with UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 to constrain Taiwan’s diplomatic space. After Taiwan’s presidential election on Jan. 13, China persuaded Nauru to sever diplomatic ties with Taiwan. Nauru cited Resolution 2758 in its declaration of the diplomatic break. Subsequently, during the WHO Executive Board meeting that month, Beijing rallied countries including Venezuela, Zimbabwe, Belarus, Egypt, Nicaragua, Sri Lanka, Laos, Russia, Syria and Pakistan to reiterate the “one China principle” in their statements, and assert that “Resolution 2758 has settled the status of Taiwan” to hinder Taiwan’s
Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong’s (李顯龍) decision to step down after 19 years and hand power to his deputy, Lawrence Wong (黃循財), on May 15 was expected — though, perhaps, not so soon. Most political analysts had been eyeing an end-of-year handover, to ensure more time for Wong to study and shadow the role, ahead of general elections that must be called by November next year. Wong — who is currently both deputy prime minister and minister of finance — would need a combination of fresh ideas, wisdom and experience as he writes the nation’s next chapter. The world that
The past few months have seen tremendous strides in India’s journey to develop a vibrant semiconductor and electronics ecosystem. The nation’s established prowess in information technology (IT) has earned it much-needed revenue and prestige across the globe. Now, through the convergence of engineering talent, supportive government policies, an expanding market and technologically adaptive entrepreneurship, India is striving to become part of global electronics and semiconductor supply chains. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Vision of “Make in India” and “Design in India” has been the guiding force behind the government’s incentive schemes that span skilling, design, fabrication, assembly, testing and packaging, and
Can US dialogue and cooperation with the communist dictatorship in Beijing help avert a Taiwan Strait crisis? Or is US President Joe Biden playing into Chinese President Xi Jinping’s (習近平) hands? With America preoccupied with the wars in Europe and the Middle East, Biden is seeking better relations with Xi’s regime. The goal is to responsibly manage US-China competition and prevent unintended conflict, thereby hoping to create greater space for the two countries to work together in areas where their interests align. The existing wars have already stretched US military resources thin, and the last thing Biden wants is yet another war.