The EU is working to build its credentials as a Middle East power broker, but its efforts are complicated by internal divisions over Palestinian plans to seek UN recognition of a Palestinian state.
The paralysis in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process has encouraged EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Catherine Ashton to try to play more of a leading role in the absence of any initiative by Washington.
The British diplomat has tried to reactivate the Middle East Quartet as a negotiating body and has emphasized the EU’s ability to be more flexible than US mediators when it comes to persuading the two sides to resume peace talks.
Illustration: Yusha
Europe’s leverage in the region is limited, its aid to the Palestinians far outweighed by Washington’s economic and military support for Israel, but Ashton’s long-term aim is to position Europe as the more adaptable mediator.
Her big challenge is persuading Israel to take the EU seriously as a lead mediator. However, the outlook is so poor that this may be the best time for an EU push, many observers say.
“The EU has historically played second fiddle because the two main actors, the Palestinians and the Israelis, made it their priority to court the Americans,” said Robert Blecher of the International Crisis Group.
“That made it more difficult for the EU to get involved, but there is growing Palestinian disenchantment with the US that opens the door to Europe. What the Europeans have to bring to the table is that they are not the United States,” Blecher said.
Ashton still has to convince Israel the EU is a balanced broker: Its close ties with the Palestinians are an obstacle in the eyes of the Israelis.
Between EU institutions and member states, Europe is the biggest aid donor to the Palestinians, providing about 1 billion euros (US$1.41 billion) annually between 2007 and last year, and participating closely in Palestinian state-building efforts.
However, Israel receives about US$3 billion a year in military and other aid from Washington, its closest ally, a total of about US$100 billion in about four decades.
In the short term, Ashton’s hopes may be dashed if West Bank Palestinian leaders go ahead with a plan to request a vote on statehood at the next UN General Assembly gathering.
The plan, opposed by Israel and Washington and dismissed as hot air by Hamas, would complicate efforts to revive peace talks and expose gaping policy differences among EU states — undermining Ashton’s drive to strengthen the EU’s voice abroad.
Forced to choose at the UN General Assembly, the 27 EU states may split into two camps. Outright backing for Palestinian statehood by big EU powers such as France could also antagonize Israel.
“The Quartet is a way for Ashton to head off embarrassment at having the veil pulled away from her attempt to forge a common foreign policy,” Blecher said.
A return to peace negotiations — overseen for decades by Washington — looks most unlikely, the Palestinian leadership refusing to budge until Israel freezes housing construction in the occupied West Bank, which it refuses to do.
However, observers say the EU may have fewer domestic policy constraints than Washington in formulating a position, giving it more room for maneuver in trying to push the two sides closer.
US President Barack Obama has had rocky relations with Israel since taking office, partly because of his push against settlements, and he can do little to pressure Israel because of criticism from the Republican-controlled US Congress.
“The Europeans can call for certain policy shifts which, for the moment, the Americans can’t,” said Clara O’Donnell of the Centre for European Reform in London.
The Quartet’s last meeting, in Washington last month, ended with no breakthrough and diplomats said the four mediators — the EU, US, Russia and the UN — failed to bridge gaps between the two sides.
Disagreements centered on whether Israel can be defined as a “Jewish” state under future deals, on the approach to Israeli settlements in occupied Palestinian territories and on ties with Hamas, the Islamist group that runs Gaza and is listed as a terrorist organization by the West.
The EU is more receptive than Washington to talking with Hamas — which is struggling to cobble together a unity government with the Fatah movement of Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas — and has pushed for stronger criticism of continued Israeli construction in the West Bank.
“The official EU position regarding engagement with the Palestinian unity government is much more compromising than the US position and there seems to be a tacit involvement from the Obama administration to encourage the Europeans to do it,” O’Donnell said.
The Palestinians have yet to decide what course to take at the UN meeting next month. One option is to seek full UN membership for a state of Palestine alongside Israel, though the US would probably block this.
They could seek a vote on a resolution spelling out their aspirations that would garner varying degrees of EU support.
As EU governments prepare for the UN General Assembly meeting, the UK has said it is not ready to decide on the Palestinian issue, while France has spoken more critically against US arguments during Quartet discussions.
Several eastern European states, on the other hand, have been more receptive to Israeli concerns over any UN vote.
“We are still working with the Quartet to see whether we can pull together a statement. It’s not easy, because the purpose of the statement is to get talks going so it needs to be very inclusive,” Ashton said in Brussels recently.
Recently, China launched another diplomatic offensive against Taiwan, improperly linking its “one China principle” with UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 to constrain Taiwan’s diplomatic space. After Taiwan’s presidential election on Jan. 13, China persuaded Nauru to sever diplomatic ties with Taiwan. Nauru cited Resolution 2758 in its declaration of the diplomatic break. Subsequently, during the WHO Executive Board meeting that month, Beijing rallied countries including Venezuela, Zimbabwe, Belarus, Egypt, Nicaragua, Sri Lanka, Laos, Russia, Syria and Pakistan to reiterate the “one China principle” in their statements, and assert that “Resolution 2758 has settled the status of Taiwan” to hinder Taiwan’s
The past few months have seen tremendous strides in India’s journey to develop a vibrant semiconductor and electronics ecosystem. The nation’s established prowess in information technology (IT) has earned it much-needed revenue and prestige across the globe. Now, through the convergence of engineering talent, supportive government policies, an expanding market and technologically adaptive entrepreneurship, India is striving to become part of global electronics and semiconductor supply chains. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Vision of “Make in India” and “Design in India” has been the guiding force behind the government’s incentive schemes that span skilling, design, fabrication, assembly, testing and packaging, and
Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong’s (李顯龍) decision to step down after 19 years and hand power to his deputy, Lawrence Wong (黃循財), on May 15 was expected — though, perhaps, not so soon. Most political analysts had been eyeing an end-of-year handover, to ensure more time for Wong to study and shadow the role, ahead of general elections that must be called by November next year. Wong — who is currently both deputy prime minister and minister of finance — would need a combination of fresh ideas, wisdom and experience as he writes the nation’s next chapter. The world that
As former president Ma Ying-jeou (馬英九) wrapped up his visit to the People’s Republic of China, he received his share of attention. Certainly, the trip must be seen within the full context of Ma’s life, that is, his eight-year presidency, the Sunflower movement and his failed Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, as well as his eight years as Taipei mayor with its posturing, accusations of money laundering, and ups and downs. Through all that, basic questions stand out: “What drives Ma? What is his end game?” Having observed and commented on Ma for decades, it is all ironically reminiscent of former US president Harry