In gearing up to take France on a new economic course, French President Nicolas Sarkozy's choices are not confined to Anglo-US neo-liberalism and the dying French model of social protection.
There are other viable alternatives, one of which is the German model. Germany, after all, is now one of the fastest-growing countries in the euro zone, so it must be doing something right.
That "something" is being competitive in world markets. German competitiveness did not just happen. It is the result of enormous corporate restructuring over the past several years, which increased labor productivity, and of German trade unions' willingness to accept modest wage increases. It took several years for trade union restraint to flower into robust competitiveness, but flower it did.
Even in the current period of growing optimism about the German economy, the country's trade unions are showing themselves to be moderate. IG Metall, Germany's largest industrial union, which bargains for 3.4 million metal, electronics and car workers, looks ready to accept an estimated 3.3 percent annual wage increase for this year and next year -- a settlement generally considered to be "balanced and justifiable."
Public sector unions also can affect a nation's competitiveness in global markets, albeit indirectly. In recent years, they too have been co-operative in Germany, though there is some concern that next year's big wage negotiations could be difficult.
The German example is highly relevant for France and Sarkozy at this critical juncture. Whereas many argue that France can move forward only by adopting the Anglo-US neo-liberal model, Germany's success clearly demonstrates that the claim that only the free market can produce prosperity is bogus. An enlightened corporate state, where unions fully support growth and competitiveness objectives, can deliver the economic goods as well as more de-centralized systems.
Sweden is another country that proves this point.
Particularly important for Sarkozy -- a politician who wants to get things done -- is that the German model can be implemented in France with the right sort of political leadership.
Transforming France into a second US, on the other hand, is no more than a pie-in-the-sky dream that would be certain to end in failure and disarray -- and that few French want in any event.
There are encouraging initial signs that Sarkozy is ignoring calls from the neo-liberal camp for revolutionary change. The fact that he has picked the moderate French Prime Minister Francois Fillon as indicates he is interested in obtaining real results and that he thus plans to take the evolutionary route rather than tilting at the windmills of revolutionary change.
A further lesson for Sarkozy from Germany is that an enlightened corporate state needs supportive political leadership as well as accommodating trade unions. German Chancellor Angela Merkel doesn't make speeches attacking the strong euro and the European Central Bank's price stability mandate. On the contrary, she supports an independent central bank and has let Germany's trade unions and companies know that they will have to live with a strong currency and an anti-inflationary monetary policy.
This does not mean that Merkel is a free market capitalist -- there is little evidence of that. Rather, she simply understands that for an economy that needs to stay competitive, bad-mouthing the euro and the central bank sends the wrong signals.
Sarkozy's behavior during the presidential campaign was scandalous in this regard. He consistently blamed France's poor export performance on the strong euro, favoring a politically subservient central bank whose mandate should include economic growth as well as price stability.
His attacks on central bank president Jean-Claude Trichet were often vicious and quite personal.
They also are at odds with improving French competitiveness.
Why should the French undertake painful reforms when their newly elected leader has just promised to protect them from a strong currency and further interest rate increases? Why not simply wait for Sarkozy to get the euro down and the central bank to lower interest rates?
According to Trichet, Sarkozy has reversed course since winning the election and no longer will press the central bank to broaden its mandate. Let us hope that Trichet is right.
What Sarkozy has announced so far is his intention to cut income taxes, reform public sector unions and give tax breaks for overtime work. These are precisely the sorts of step-by-step reform measures that the new French president should be pursuing.
Sarkozy's first foreign trip as France's new president was to visit Merkel. Let's hope that he listened attentively. A new Franco-German axis that makes France more competitive is just what Europe needs.
Melvyn Krauss is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.
Copyright: Project Syndicate
Recently, China launched another diplomatic offensive against Taiwan, improperly linking its “one China principle” with UN General Assembly Resolution 2758 to constrain Taiwan’s diplomatic space. After Taiwan’s presidential election on Jan. 13, China persuaded Nauru to sever diplomatic ties with Taiwan. Nauru cited Resolution 2758 in its declaration of the diplomatic break. Subsequently, during the WHO Executive Board meeting that month, Beijing rallied countries including Venezuela, Zimbabwe, Belarus, Egypt, Nicaragua, Sri Lanka, Laos, Russia, Syria and Pakistan to reiterate the “one China principle” in their statements, and assert that “Resolution 2758 has settled the status of Taiwan” to hinder Taiwan’s
Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong’s (李顯龍) decision to step down after 19 years and hand power to his deputy, Lawrence Wong (黃循財), on May 15 was expected — though, perhaps, not so soon. Most political analysts had been eyeing an end-of-year handover, to ensure more time for Wong to study and shadow the role, ahead of general elections that must be called by November next year. Wong — who is currently both deputy prime minister and minister of finance — would need a combination of fresh ideas, wisdom and experience as he writes the nation’s next chapter. The world that
The past few months have seen tremendous strides in India’s journey to develop a vibrant semiconductor and electronics ecosystem. The nation’s established prowess in information technology (IT) has earned it much-needed revenue and prestige across the globe. Now, through the convergence of engineering talent, supportive government policies, an expanding market and technologically adaptive entrepreneurship, India is striving to become part of global electronics and semiconductor supply chains. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Vision of “Make in India” and “Design in India” has been the guiding force behind the government’s incentive schemes that span skilling, design, fabrication, assembly, testing and packaging, and
Can US dialogue and cooperation with the communist dictatorship in Beijing help avert a Taiwan Strait crisis? Or is US President Joe Biden playing into Chinese President Xi Jinping’s (習近平) hands? With America preoccupied with the wars in Europe and the Middle East, Biden is seeking better relations with Xi’s regime. The goal is to responsibly manage US-China competition and prevent unintended conflict, thereby hoping to create greater space for the two countries to work together in areas where their interests align. The existing wars have already stretched US military resources thin, and the last thing Biden wants is yet another war.