The UN sounded the alarm of bad things to come as it prepared to sponsor events around the world on Dec. 1 to raise awareness about the unrelenting spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS.
This year, another 4.9 million people became infected, bringing the world total to 39.4 million people living with AIDS. The total figure includes 37.2 million people aged 15 to 49 -- nearly half of them women. In the past year, AIDS killed 3.1 million people.
ILLUSTRATION MOUNTAIN PEOPLE
The bad news is that HIV infections have risen steeply in the past year, with sharp increases in East Asia, Eastern Europe and Central Asia. The UNAIDS organization said in its recent annual AIDS Epidemic Update that infection rates jumped 50 percent in East Asian countries, particularly in China.
The AIDS epidemic, which first struck in the 1980s, has defied efforts to mount a comprehensive campaign by heads of state, politicians, health organizations and individuals. The failure is further compounded by evaporating resources from big donors, which have increased defense budgets while limiting expenditures on health programs.
On Tuesday at the UN headquarters in New York, 21 world famous writers like John Updike, Salman Rushdie, Nadine Gordimer, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Gunter Grass, Arthur Miller, Jose Saramago and Susan Sontag will gather to read excerpts from their published novels. The extracts will be compiled in one book to be edited by South African Nobel laureate Nadine Gordimer. Proceeds from the sale will go to programs to fight AIDS, with the publishers also donating their normal fees.
The writers' contributions will be a small token in the fight against AIDS that will require, according to UN estimates, an annual US$12 billion by next year and US$20 billion the following year.
The UN has made fighting HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria one of the eight Millennium Declaration Goals, which were adopted by all heads of state and government in 2000. The goal calls for halting and reversing the spread of HIV/AIDS by 2015. In the past five years, the campaign to reach the 2015 target has received financial and political support, but it has not been consistent.
Unless the 2015 target to stop the HIV/AIDS spread is attained, other goals like eradicating poverty and hunger, reducing mortality rate among children under 5 and reduction of the percentage of women dying in childbirth will go wanting.
UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who launched the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria in 2001, said the Fund disbursed US$4.7 billion last year and had about US$6 billion for this year.
Annan said the funding remains "significantly short" of the target to raise US$12 billion for next year in order to tackle HIV/AIDS, which has spread to all regions in the world.
With donations to the Global Fund lagging, the administration of US President George W. Bush, which contributed significantly, suggested in November that the program should stop giving out grants.
US Secretary of Health and Human Resources Tommy Thompson, the current chair of the Global Fund, said in Arusha, Tanzania, in mid-November that he would delay the process of issuing the grants until priorities are reviewed and realigned to the dwindling fund situation.
Peter Piot, director of UNAIDS, who attended the Arusha meeting, said having enough resources next year would be critical in order to set a "clear course in the right direction."
"We need at least a decade of steady promotion of the right policies and priorities with the right level of resources to back them," Piot said, adding that the Global Fund has a "key part" to play in the global anti-AIDS campaign.
Grants to Sub-Saharan countries accounted for 58 percent of all grants issued in past years.
Yet the Sub-Saharan region remains the only place on earth with the highest number of infections, at 25.4 million this year, from 22.5 million in 2002.
With millions of people living with HIV, Sub-Sahara cannot afford one of the most effective medicines. Only 440,000 infected people in low and middle-income countries in the Sub-Sahara region were receiving antiretroviral treatment by this past June.
UNAIDS said that 5 to 6 million will die of AIDS in the next two years if they do not receive the antiretroviral therapy.
The World Health Organization (WHO), which has an ambitious plan to provide antiretroviral therapy to 3 million infected people by next year, said use of the treatment is difficult. WHO recently launched "global treatment preparedness activities" to prepare infected people for the treatment. The million dollar campaign was managed by the US-based Tides Foundation, which has been working in community-based health programs in many countries.
Politicians have gotten into the act. Former US President Bill Clinton has set up a foundation to provide cheap antiretroviral treatment to poor countries and has been successfully persuading giant pharmaceutical companies to provide the drugs at low cost.
The Clinton HIV/AIDS Initiative has signed agreements with scores of governments to assist AIDS victims. Clinton recently signed an agreement with Norway to implement integrated prevention, care and treatment programs in Mozambique and Tanzania.
Using his public relations skills, Clinton has been able to bring affordable anti-AIDS drugs to Russia, the Caribbean and African countries.
His personal efforts have won kudos from governments, which was the reason they signed contracts with him.
Could Asia be on the verge of a new wave of nuclear proliferation? A look back at the early history of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which recently celebrated its 75th anniversary, illuminates some reasons for concern in the Indo-Pacific today. US Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin recently described NATO as “the most powerful and successful alliance in history,” but the organization’s early years were not without challenges. At its inception, the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty marked a sea change in American strategic thinking. The United States had been intent on withdrawing from Europe in the years following
My wife and I spent the week in the interior of Taiwan where Shuyuan spent her childhood. In that town there is a street that functions as an open farmer’s market. Walk along that street, as Shuyuan did yesterday, and it is next to impossible to come home empty-handed. Some mangoes that looked vaguely like others we had seen around here ended up on our table. Shuyuan told how she had bought them from a little old farmer woman from the countryside who said the mangoes were from a very old tree she had on her property. The big surprise
The issue of China’s overcapacity has drawn greater global attention recently, with US Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen urging Beijing to address its excess production in key industries during her visit to China last week. Meanwhile in Brussels, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen last week said that Europe must have a tough talk with China on its perceived overcapacity and unfair trade practices. The remarks by Yellen and Von der Leyen come as China’s economy is undergoing a painful transition. Beijing is trying to steer the world’s second-largest economy out of a COVID-19 slump, the property crisis and
Ursula K. le Guin in The Ones Who Walked Away from Omelas proposed a thought experiment of a utopian city whose existence depended on one child held captive in a dungeon. When taken to extremes, Le Guin suggests, utilitarian logic violates some of our deepest moral intuitions. Even the greatest social goods — peace, harmony and prosperity — are not worth the sacrifice of an innocent person. Former president Chen Shui-bian (陳水扁), since leaving office, has lived an odyssey that has brought him to lows like Le Guin’s dungeon. From late 2008 to 2015 he was imprisoned, much of this