The US has formally told the WTO that it opposes granting China market economy status, a position that, if upheld, would allow Washington to maintain high anti-dumping duties on Chinese goods.
The statement of opposition, made public on Thursday, was submitted as a third-party brief in support of the EU in a dispute with China that could have major repercussions for the trade body’s future.
China is fighting the EU for recognition as a market economy, a designation that would lead to dramatically lower anti-dumping duties on Chinese goods by prohibiting the use of third-country price comparisons.
The US and EU argue that the state’s pervasive role in the Chinese economy, including rampant granting of subsidies, mean that domestic prices are deeply distorted and not market-determined.
A victory for China before the WTO would weaken many countries’ trade defenses against a flood of cheap Chinese goods, putting the viability of more Western industries at risk.
The US Trade Representative brief, which follows a US Department of Commerce finding in October that China failed the tests for a market economy, argues that China should not automatically be granted market economy status by virtue of the expiration of its 2001 accession protocol last year.
“The evidence is overwhelming that WTO members have not surrendered their longstanding rights ... to reject prices or costs that are not determined under market economy conditions in determining price comparability for purposes of anti-dumping comparisons,” the brief said.
The move comes as trade tensions between Washington and Beijing are increasing as US President Donald Trump’s administration prepares several possible major trade actions, including broad tariffs or quotas on steel and aluminum and an investigation into Chinese intellectual property misappropriation.
The commerce department on Tuesday launched the first government-initiated anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigations in decades on Chinese aluminum sheet imports.
US officials have said that 16 years of WTO membership have failed to end China’s market-distorting state practices.
“We are concerned that China’s economic liberalization seems to have slowed or reversed, with the role of the state increasing,” US Treasury Undersecretary for International Affairs David Malpass told an event in New York on Thursday.
“State-owned enterprises have not faced hard budget constraints and China’s industrial policy has become more and more problematic for foreign firms,” Malpass said. “Huge exports credits are flowing in noneconomic ways that distort markets.”
The brief submitted to the WTO also argues that China should be treated the same as communist eastern European countries, including Poland, Romania and Hungary, were when they joined the WTO’s predecessor organization, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
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