Bewildered Asian officials could only watch and hope for the best yesterday after US lawmakers failed to break a debt impasse that threatens to trigger a default and up-end global financial markets.
Asia, which holds close to US$3 trillion in US government debt, has a powerful vested interest in Washington finding a workable compromise.
With just eight days left before Aug. 2, when the US Department of Treasury has estimated it will run short of money to pay all of its bills, the worry level was rising. Stocks slipped while the Swiss franc rose and gold hit a record high.
Photo: AFP
“Those in direct charge of reserves operations must be more nervous than before, but nobody thinks Americans will choose suicide when they have known solutions,” said a senior official at the Bank of Korea, who spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak to the news media.
Japanese Finance Minister Yoshihiko Noda, when asked about the breakdown in the US debt talks, said only: “I will be watching the situation.”
Asian sources said the US debt troubles were primarily political, not economic. Finding a solution was a matter of mustering political will rather than securing rescue funding, which can be far more complicated, as Greece’s recent difficulties showed.
“They will definitely reach a compromise,” said Xia Bin (夏斌), an academic adviser to the People’s Bank of China. “Don’t worry too much about it.”
China is the largest foreign owner of US government debt, with US$1.16 trillion as of May, so a vote of confidence from Beijing carries significant weight.
A senior Indian government official said the administration of US President Barack Obama and lawmakers must be well aware of the consequences for global markets of failing to reach a deal.
“If you look at the world markets, they are jittery though they have not nose-dived, perhaps reflecting hope of a solution,” the Indian official said.
Australian Treasurer Wayne Swan said a protracted debt -ceiling debate adds uncertainty to the global economy.
“With the global recovery and confidence still fragile, it’s in everyone’s interests that US policymakers work towards a speedy resolution of these issues,” Swan said in an e-mail.
Congress has set the US government’s borrowing limit at US$14.3 trillion, but the US Treasury has already tapped that amount and needs more money to meet its obligations. Republicans want an agreement on spending cuts before they authorize more borrowing. Democrats want to see a mix of lower spending and higher taxes.
Ratings agencies have warned that even if Congress raises the debt ceiling and averts a default, they may still strip the US of its “AAA” credit rating, the highest possible, if lawmakers fail to agree on deeper long-term budget cuts.
A lower credit rating could raise borrowing costs not only for the US government, but also for other countries, companies and consumers because US Treasuries are the benchmark by which many loans are measured.
US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, speaking in Hong Kong, said she was confident Congress would secure a debt deal and “work with President Obama to take steps to improve our long-term fiscal outlook.”
Ethan Harris, co-head of global economic research at Bank of America-Merrill Lynch, said he expected a temporary increase in the debt ceiling with the promise of up to US$4 trillion in deficit reductions to be finalized six months later.
“The base case scenario can be summarized as ‘appease and delay’ — appease the rating agencies and the market with the beginnings of a large plan, but in actuality delay the crisis further into the future,” Harris said.
For Asian policymakers, there is no alternative to investing in US Treasuries. China and Japan are by far the world’s biggest foreign owners with more than US$2 trillion in Treasuries combined, and no other market in the world is deep enough to absorb that size of investment.
Taiwan, Thailand, Singapore, India and South Korea all rank among the major holders of US debt as well, a legacy of the Asian debt crises of the late 1990s.
Indeed, Asia’s healthy public finances have made the region attractive to global investors who shunned it as far too risky just 10 years ago.
Mark Mobius, executive chairman of Templeton Asset Management’s emerging markets group, said more money might flow into Asian currencies and bonds if US debt talks fail.
“People will see that as a safer alternative,” said Mobius, whose group manages US$50 billion. “You are already beginning to see that trend. Some of the emerging countries have a lower cost on credit default swaps [than] the developed countries.”
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