In recent years, Taiwan has experienced several frustrations in the road to proper -- or sustainable -- economic development, such as massive industry migration to low-cost countries and a declining trade surplus.
Being overtaken by South Korea in per capita gross national product (GNP) for the first time is the latest blow.
According to the statistics recently released by the Bank of Korea, South Korea's per capita GNP last year was US$16,291, compared to US$14,193 in 2004.
Taiwan's GNP per capita for last year was US$15,676, the lowest among Asia's "four little dragons."
South Korea's per capita GNP was reported to have surpassed Taiwan in 2004, but the government took comfort in the fact that the two countries used different calculating systems. After adopting the same system used by Seoul, Taiwan still led South Korea by about US$500 in per capita GNP in 2004.
The Council for Economic Planning and Development attributed Taiwan's lower standing to the appreciation of the Korean won against the US dollar.
The Korean won has risen by 11.8 percent against the greenback, while the New Taiwan dollar has appreciated by less than 3.9 percent due the central bank's intervention, said Chang Chieh-yi (張建一), a deputy director at the Taiwan Institute of Economic Research (台經院).
However, behind the stronger won is a stronger economy, showing that South Korea's economic power has greatly expanded in the past year, Chang said.
The government is still reluctant to admit failure. Council Chairman Hu Sheng-cheng (
He said that Taiwan's purchasing power parity (PPP) reached US$24,676 in 2004, US$5,990 more than South Korea's US$18,686, citing statistics compiled by the Swiss International Institute of Management and Development.
The rapid growth of South Korea's economy can be largely attributed to government policies that injected a huge amount of money to help its companies grow. Successful product branding, global marketing and control of key components made the country a formidable rival, said Chu Yun-peng (朱雲鵬), who is head of National Central University's Taiwan Economic Development Research Center.
Several years ago, few people could name major South Korean brands, but now Samsung and LG have made inroads to the world market and eclipsed Japanese electronics giants' market shares. Cars bearing South Korean brands such as KIA and Hyundai have become popular in other countries.
With government support, South Korea has also become the largest exporter of online PC games that have swept through Taiwan and China. South Korean pop-culture, including soap operas, movies and songs have captured the attention of young people around Asia.
All this has happened in a short period of time, so that many people can hardly believe that this is the same country that suffered so badly in the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis and from a credit bubble burst in 2002.
Meanwhile, Taiwan is still struggling to shift from an original equipment manufacturing based economy to branding and marketing, with few international brands created so far.
"Taiwan's competitiveness comes from its resilient private companies, showing it can still advance with proper industry policies in place," Chang said.
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